The water and sanitation sector poses a particular organizational challenge in the Philippines, a country with more than 7,000 islands. Fresh water supply is limited throughout the country and water shortages are frequent and severe in densely populated areas. Although water authorities have made good progress in recent years, the supply of water and, in particular, wastewater treatment facilities are inadequate.

Some 25 % of the population still has no access to any sanitation services. On-site solutions for wastewater are common in the Philippines, but due to poor operation and maintenance, they are also the main source of groundwater pollution and waterborne diseases. In general, more than 90 % of sewage is not disposed of correctly or treated in an environmentally sound manner. Municipalities are now confronted with the challenge of providing new wastewater treatment facilities, with little or no funds available to prevent further pollution. Low-cost options are therefore a welcome alternative to common and frequently more costly sanitation solutions, especially in rural areas. At the national level, new laws and regulations are required to meet the demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable wastewater facilities.